Substrand: "7.8 Light and colours" (12 periods)

This sub-strand deals with light and colours. The Sun is the main source of natural light. However, some organisms produce their own light. Light rays travel in a straight line. When a light ray hits a flat surface it reflects back at an angle. You see images in mirrors because of reflection of light. Light rays bend when they enter a different medium. They either bend towards the normal or away from the normal. Light also produces different colours. These colours produced when light rays are separated. We see these colours in a rainbow or when light is passed through a prism.

Learner's should:

Learner's should:

Learner's should:

7.8.1 know luminous and non luminous object (k)

7.8.1.1 identify luminous and non-luminous objects

7.8.2 appreciate the use of luminous objects in our everyday life (a)

7.8.2.1 describe different uses of some important luminous objects in our everyday life eg; kerosene lamps, light bulbs, torch light, sun, fireflies etc

7.8.3 be able to show that light travels in a straight line and it bends as it enters different mediums (s)

7.8.3.1 use simple experiments to demonstrate that light travels in a straight line eg; casting shadow using sunlight or torch light, see through straight and bend pipe
7.8.3.2 demonstrate bending of light rays by passing it through dense glass medium

7.8.4 be able to show reflection of light from plane and curved surfaces (s)

7.8.4.1 conduct simple experiments to show reflection of light on plane and curved surfaces

7.8.5 be able to use curved mirrors, and lenses (s)

7.8.5.1 draw different types of lenses and show light rays as they move away from the lenses
7.8.5.2 demonstrate use of curved mirrors and lenses eg; rear view mirrors as safety mirrors in vehicles, security mirrors in shop and super markets in telescope binocular and microscopes

7.8.6 be able to show that we see objects because light scattered from them enters our eyes (s)

7.8.6.1 demonstrate that dark surfaces absorb light and white surfaces reflect light eg; pass light through black and white surfaces

7.8.7 know that the seven main colours of white light form the colour spectrum and that red, blue and green are the primary colours (k)

7.8.7.1 recognize the rainbow as the natural spectrum of colour
7.8.7.2 use a prism (or water trough and mirror) to observe the spectrum