Substrand: "8.2 Body systems (I)" (12 periods)

This sub-strand deals with digestive, circulatory, excretory and respiratory systems. Digestive system breaks down food we eat to give the nutrients our body needs. Circulatory system carries food and oxygen to the body cells. Urinary (excretory) system removes waste fluids. Respiratory system transfers oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide out of the body.

Learner's should:

Learner's should:

Learner's should:

8.2.1 know that food provide the body with different types of nutrient (k)

8.2.1.1 identify common local food that provide the following nutrients; i. carbohydrate – potato, taro, corn ii. protein- fish, chicken, beans iii. fat and oil- nuts, coconut iv. vitamin- vegetables, fruits v. minerals – table salt, eggs, nuts
8.2.1.2 describe the function of the main food types; protein, fat and oil, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals

8.2.2 know that the digestive system breaks down food and absorbs food nutrients (k)

8.2.2.1 draw and identify the parts of the human digestive system; mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver / gallbladder, pancreas, small intestines (consisting of duodenum, and ileum) colon, rectum, anal canal
8.2.2.2 describe the main processes in the digestive system; i. physical/mechanical breakdown of large food ii. chemical breakdown of food iii. absorption of food iv. assimilation of food nutrients v. elimination of unused food materials

8.2.3 know that the circulatory system consists of the heart, blood, & blood vessels (k)

8.2.3.1 identify from a diagram; i. the heart ii. blood vessels (arteries, veins, & capillaries)

8.2.4 know the main functions of the heart (k)

8.2.4.1 describe the two main functions of the heart; i. pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to collect oxygen ii. pumps oxygenated blood to all body parts

8.2.5 know the different components of the blood (k)

8.2.5.1 name the four components of the blood; red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets, blood plasma
8.2.5.2 describe the main function of the component of the blood; red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets, blood plasma

8.2.6 know that excretion is the removal of waste material from the body (k)

8.2.6.1 identify from a diagram the main parts of the excretory system; kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra
8.2.6.2 state that urea is the main waste product of the body

8.2.7 know the human respiratory system (k)

8.2.7.1 describe that the respiratory system takes in oxygen gas from the air through our nose and mouth and removes carbon dioxide gas from the body also through our nose and mouth
8.2.7.2 identify from a diagram the main parts of the respiratory system

8.2.8 be able to show that respiratory system involves movement of air in and out of the body (s)

8.2.8.1 perform; inhalation (breathing-in), and exhalation (breathing-out)

8.2.9 understand the mechanic of inhalation and exhalation (u)

8.2.9.1 explain the cause of breathing; Inhalation – Diaphragm and intercostals muscles contact; volume of the thoracic cavity is increase; increase volume, decrease pressures, air rushes in Exhalation – Diaphragm and the intercostals muscle relax; volume of the thorax cavity is decrease; decrease volume means increase pressure; air rushes push out

8.2.10 know that energy is released from food during the process of cellular respiration (k)

8.2.10.1 describe cellular respiration and write chemical equation for the reaction

8.2.11 know the health problems associated with the body systems (k)

8.2.11.1 list the common health problem associated with: i. digestive system – diarrhea, constipation ii. circulatory system-heart attack, high blood pressure iii. excretory system-kidney failure iv. respiratory system- asthma, cough and tuberculosis (TB)
8.2.11.2 list local medicines use to treat the diseases Caution (Do not apply the suggested medicine without the advice of parents or guidance)